This article presents a comprehensive overview of key regulatory developments in India’s banking and financial sector during January–December 2025. It examines the Reserve Bank of India’s decisive shift from fragmented circulars to consolidated Master Directions, covering banks, NBFCs, co-operative banks, and financial institutions. The update highlights reforms in credit risk management, KYC/AML, digital lending, project finance, outsourcing, payments, liquidity, and market infrastructure. Emphasis is placed on governance, board accountability, consumer protection, and prudential discipline, while balancing credit growth and market deepening. Collectively, these measures signal RBI’s move towards system-wide regulatory consolidation and lifecycle-based supervision.
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